Thaum xaiv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, ntau tus neeg taw qhia lawv tus kheej ib sab ntawm kev ua tau zoo, tso saib thiab tej zaum muaj peev xwm khaws cia raws li cov khoom siv yees duab. Niaj hnub no cov xov tooj smartphones feem ntau muaj nws nyob rau theem siab tiag tiag, thiab qhov lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, lawv feem ntau tsim nrog software.
Niaj hnub no peb yuav sim teb cov lus nug xws li: Puas yog tus naj npawb ntawm megapixels hauv smartphones tseem ceeb lossis yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab paub thaum yuav lub xov tooj smartphone hais txog kev muaj peev xwm yees duab?
Puas yog megapixels tseem ceeb?
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias ntau lub xov tooj manufacturers thawj koom ruam ntawm tus nqi no nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, puas yog tus naj npawb ntawm megapixels tsuas yog qhov taw qhia uas los txiav txim qhov peev xwm ntawm lub koob yees duab hauv peb cov khoom siv?
Cov duab thaij duab
Cov lus teb tsis yog, tus naj npawb ntawm megapixels tsis yog tib yam uas yuav tsum xav txog thaum yuav lub xov tooj. Txawm hais tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb, lwm yam thiab cov khoom siv uas ua rau lub koob yees duab kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov duab tshwm sim. Thaum kawg, nws los txog rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev kho vajtse, software, thiab tau kawg koj tus kheej nyiam.
Aperture
Thaum peb tham txog kev yees duab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub teeb. Cov koob yees duab kev tshaj lij feem ntau siv aperture, uas yog qhov loj ntawm lub lens qhib, los tswj cov teeb pom kev zoo uas lawv tau txais, txawm hais tias lub sij hawm raug los yog teeb tsa ISO kuj cuam tshuam rau lub teeb uas nkag mus. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov xov tooj smartphones tsis muaj cov khoom kim heev ntawm kev kho kom haum xeeb, txawm tias muaj kev zam. Samsung, piv txwv li, tau tso tawm ntau lub xov tooj flagship nrog qhov sib txawv aperture ob peb xyoos dhau los, thiab Huawei tam sim no muaj tus qauv Mate 50 uas kuj tau nruab nrog qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej, cov tuam txhab lag luam tsis xav poob ntau qhov chaw ntaus ntawv lossis siv ntau dhau los tso lub vijtsam hauv lawv lub xov tooj. Cov teebmeem kho qhov muag uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv lub aperture tuaj yeem ua tiav zoo los ntawm software. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias peb yuav tsum tsis quav ntsej txog qhov ntsuas no. Feem ntau, qhov loj dua qhov aperture, lub teeb ntau lub koob yees duab sensor yuav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog, uas yog qhov xav tau. Aperture yog ntsuas hauv f-tus lej, nrog tus lej me dua sib npaug ntawm qhov loj dua.
Cov duab thaij duab
Focal ntev thiab lens
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov focal ntev. Txhawm rau nkag siab nws, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los saib dua ntawm kev daws teeb meem rau lub koob yees duab ib txwm muaj. Ntawm no, lub teeb dhau los ntawm lub lens, qhov twg nws tau tsom mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tom qab ntawd ntes los ntawm lub sensor. Lub focal ntev, ntsuas hauv millimeters, yog li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub sensor thiab qhov taw tes uas lub teeb converges. Qhov qis dua yog, qhov dav ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov pom, thiab qhov sib txawv, qhov siab dua qhov focal ntev, qhov nqaim ntawm qhov pom.
Lub focal ntev ntawm lub koob yees duab smartphone yog kwv yees li 4 hli, tab sis tus lej no tau xyaum tsis muaj qab hau los ntawm kev yees duab pom. Hloov chaw, daim duab no tau muab rau hauv 35mm sib npaug, uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ua tiav tib lub kaum sab xis pom ntawm lub koob yees duab puv.
Cov duab thaij duab
Tus lej siab dua lossis qis dua tsis tas yuav zoo dua lossis phem dua, tab sis feem ntau cov xov tooj smartphones niaj hnub no muaj tsawg kawg yog ib lub koob yees duab dav nrog lub focal ntev luv vim cov neeg siv xav ntes ntau qhov chaw ntau li ntau tau hauv lawv cov duab. Koj tseem yuav txaus siab rau qhov no thaum vlogging, piv txwv li. Nrog lub kaum sab xis dav, koj yuav ntes ntau qhov chaw thiab koj yuav tsis tas mus rau cov khoom siv xws li selfie sticks, ntau tus tuav, thiab lwm yam.
Lub lens yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov focal ntev ntawm lub koob yees duab. Nws muaj ob peb lub ntsiab lus thiab lub lens tiv thaiv, thaum nws txoj haujlwm yog khoov thiab tsom lub teeb rau ntawm daim duab sensor.
Muaj ib qho teeb meem ntawm no vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv ntawm lub teeb khoov ntawm ntau txoj kev vim nws muaj qhov sib txawv wavelength. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yog ntau hom distortions thiab aberrations, uas cov tuam txhab smartphone cuam tshuam nrog ob qho tib si ntawm cov cuab yeej nws tus kheej thiab software. Tsis muaj lub lens zoo meej, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb ob npaug rau cov khoom siv txawb, vim peb tab tom ua haujlwm nrog qhov me me ntawm no. Txawm li cas los xij, qee lub xov tooj ntawm tes tam sim no lo ntsiab muag ua tau zoo heev.
Koj tuaj yeem txaus siab rau
Lub physics ntawm distortion thiab reflections yog heev complex, uas yog feem ntau yog vim li cas ntau lub xov tooj manufacturers tsis nyiam tshaj tawm informace hais txog nws lo ntsiab muag nrog rau lwm yam specifications. Yog tias koj muaj kev xaiv, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov no los ntsuas lub peev xwm ntawm lub koob yees duab ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab seb cov zis tau muab haum rau koj.
Sensor
Lub sensor yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub koob yees duab kho vajtse uas hloov cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob informace. Nws nto yog npog nrog ntau lab tus tib neeg photocells uas ua haujlwm raws li qhov siv ntawm lub teeb tau txais.
Qhov loj ntawm tus kheej lub hlwb yog, qhov zoo dua lawv ntes lub teeb thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua qub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej qis. Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, nws tuaj yeem hais tias lub sensor loj dua yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua nyob rau hauv feem ntau, txawm hais tias lwm yam xws li pes tsawg pixels lub sensor muaj los yog qhov loj ntawm ib tus neeg pixel kuj ua lub luag haujlwm.
Xim
Qhov tseeb xim rendering yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus kws yees duab. Cov ntxaij lim dej yog siv los muab lawv, feem ntau yog liab, ntsuab thiab xiav. Cov duab processor uas siv cov xim no rau qhov ci ci qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua daim duab ncej muaj informace hais txog lawv txoj kev npaj, uas ua hauj lwm rau nws los tsim cov duab tshwm sim. Feem ntau cov xov tooj siv lub npe hu ua Bayer xim lim, uas muaj 50% ntsuab, 25% liab thiab 25% xiav (RGGB), yog vim li cas rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntsuab yog tias tib neeg lub qhov muag pom cov xim no zoo dua li lwm tus.
Ntau lub tuam txhab kuj tau sim nrog lwm hom lim los yog sim hloov lawv, uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb, piv txwv li, lub tuam txhab Huawei, uas tau hloov cov tsoos Bayer lim nrog ntsuab thiab daj txhawm rau txhawm rau nce rhiab heev, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis hauv qee cov duab koj tuaj yeem pom me ntsis txawv txawv daj tinge. Cov sensors nrog lub lim RGGB feem ntau muaj cov duab zoo dua vim tias cov algorithms lawv siv tau nyob ib puag ncig ntev dua thiab yog li paub tab ntau dua.
Duab processor
Qhov kawg tseem ceeb ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone cov khoom siv yees duab yog cov duab processor. Qhov kawg, raws li twb tau hais lawm, saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm lub sensor siv lub lens. Cov tuam txhab sib txawv siv cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv thiab cov kev taw qhia no, yog li nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias tib daim duab RAW yuav zoo li txawv ntawm Samsung, Huawei, Pixel lossis iPhone xov tooj, thiab tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo dua li lwm tus. Qee tus neeg nyiam Pixel's HDR kev kho mob tshaj qhov kev saib xyuas zoo dua thiab zoo li nws muab rau koj iPhone.
Cov duab thaij duab
Yog li dab tsi txog megapixels?
Puas yog lawv tseem ceeb heev? Yog lawm. Thaum peb thaij duab, peb cia siab tias yuav ntes tau ib theem ntawm qhov tseeb. Artistic lub hom phiaj ib sab, feem ntau ntawm peb xav kom peb cov duab kom ze li qhov tseeb li sai tau, uas yog kom meej meej tawg los ntawm pom pixelation. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov kev xav tsis thoob ntawm qhov tseeb, peb yuav tsum mus kom ze rau qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag. Qhov ntawd yog hais txog 720 pixels ib nti rau ib tus neeg uas muaj kev noj qab haus huv zoo kawg nkaus thiab tsis pom kev tsis pom kev thaum pom los ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 30 cm. Yog li, piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav luam cov duab hauv tus qauv 6 × 4, koj xav tau kev daws teeb meem ntawm 4 × 320, lossis tsawg dua 2 Mpx.
Koj tuaj yeem txaus siab rau
Tab sis qhov ntawd nug cov lus nug: Yog tias 12 Mpx ze rau qhov txwv ntawm qhov tus neeg nruab nrab tuaj yeem pom, vim li cas Samsung muaj Galaxy S23 Ultra 200 Mpx? Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj, tab sis ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov txheej txheem hu ua pixel binning, qhov twg ib square ntawm plaub yog siv es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug photocell los sau cov ntaub ntawv, zoo multiplying nws loj ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov duab daws teeb meem. Tau kawg, nws yuav ua tau yooj yim ua kom loj dua photocells, tab sis binning cov me me muaj qhov zoo uas cov sensors loj tsis tuaj yeem sib xws, xws li HDR cov duab zoo dua thiab muaj peev xwm zoom, uas kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau ntau tus neeg siv.
Cov duab thaij duab
Yog li megapixels yeej muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tam sim no, tab sis nws tseem tsim nyog saib lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub koob yees duab ntawm koj lub smartphone yav tom ntej, xws li cov khoom siv lens, sensor lossis processor. Niaj hnub no, thaum, ua tsaug rau kev tua nyob rau hauv RAW hom, peb tuaj yeem pom me ntsis hauv qab lub hood ntawm cov tuam ntxhab 'software magic, nws muaj peev xwm thaij duab nrog lub xov tooj ntawm tes ntawm qib zoo tiag tiag.
